الملخص
قادت التّنويعات بين الأفراد وبين الأعراق المحدّدة لخطورة كوفيد-19 إلى إجراء دراسات جينية واسعة النطاق لفهم التآثرات المعقّدة بين النمطين الجيني والظاهري. اقترح سابقاً أن التعددات الشكلية في كلٍّ من جيني الإنزيم المحول للأنجيوتنسين (ACE) والإنزيم المحول للأنجيوتنسين 2 (ACE2) ترتبط مع حالات ارتفاع التوتر الشرياني وفرط تخثر الدم التي قد تؤهب لشدة داء كوفيد-19. في دراسة الحالات والشواهد هذه، قمنا بتحري تواترات اثنين من التّعددات الشّكليّة مفردة النوكليوتيد (SNPS)؛ rs2106809 وrs1978124 في جين ACE2، والتّعدد الشّكلي غرز/حذف rs1799752 (I/D) في جين ACE، وذلك في مجموعة من شواهد أصحاء سوريين (48n= ) ومرضى يعانون ارتفاع التّوتّر الشّرياني و/أو الخثار (35n=). استخلص الحمض النووي من عينات الدم وضُخّمت منتجات تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل (PCR) النّوعيّة الخاصّة بالتّعددات الشّكليّة المدروسة باستخدام زوجين من المشارع ، ورُحّلت كهربائيّاً على هلامة الأغاروز، وتلا ذلك سلسَلة عياريّة لاستعراف التّعددين rs2106809 وrs1978124. تم حساب تواترات الألائل الكبرى والصّغرى وكذلك الأنماط الجينية وتسجيلها. بلغت تواترات الأنماط الجينية الثلاثة في جمهرة دراستنا: 31.6% للأليل G rs2106809، و57.9% للأليل rs1978124 C، و 84.2% للنمطين الجينيين (DD + ID) rs1799752، وكانت مغايرة بالمقارنة مع معدلات الانتشار المنشورة لدى الأوروبيين والأفارقة والآسيويين. حققت تواترات الأنماط الجينية في ذراع الشّواهد الأصحاء توازن هاردي واينبرغ (HWE)، غير أنّها انحرفت عنها في جمهرة المرضى، مما يقترح وجود ارتباط بين تعدد الأشكال والحالات المرضيّة المدروسة. كان تواتر الأليل الأصغري/الثّانوي rs2106809 أعلى (45.5%) لدى المرضى الذكور مقارنة بالذكور الأصحاء (17.2%)، مما قد يشير إلى وجود علاقة محتملة بين الأليل G وارتفاع ضغط الدم/الخثار. علاوة على ذلك، تظهر النتائج التي توصلنا إليها وجود فارق كبير في تواترات الأليل G بين الإناث والذكور. كان تواتر الأليل rs1799752 Dوالبالغ (75٪) أعلى بثلاثة أضعاف من تواتر الأليل I ( 25٪) لدى مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم والخثار الذكور، في حين كانت تواترات كلا الأليلين متساوية في المريضات الإناث. في الختام، تشير بياناتنا إلى وجود ارتباط محتمل بين ثلاثة تعددات شكليّة للجينات ACE2/ACE وحالتين مرضيتين يُعرف عنهما التّسبب في تفاقم معدلات المراضة والوفيات الناجمة عن كوفيد-19. يمكن أن تساهم هذه النتائج في فهم أفضل لتنويعات الأنماط الجينيّة-الظّاهريّة بين الأفراد لدى السوريين.
كلمات مفتاحية :
ارتفاع الضغط، الخثار، ACE2، ACE، SNP، rs2106809، rs1978124، rs1799752
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